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淨空法師:【一個善念，改變一生的命運】
【名稱】


《世界智慧財產權組織著作權條約》
WCT（The WIPO Copyright Treaty）

【法規沿革】1996年12月20日~日內瓦通過

【內容】

序言


　　締約各方，
　　期望儘可能以有效且統一之方式，發展及維護著作人就其文學及藝術著作之權利之保護，
　　確認有必要採用新的國際規則及澄清某些現行規則之解釋，以針對經濟、社會、文化與科技發展下所產生之新問題，提供適當之解決方法，
　　確認資訊與傳播科技之發展與結合，對文學與藝術著作之創作與利用之深刻影響，
　　強調著作權保護之重要意義乃文學與藝術之創作誘因，
　　確認有需要如伯恩公約所反映，就著作人之權利與廣大公眾之利益，特別是教育、研究及資訊之接觸，作一平衡，
　　同意以下規定：

Preamble


　　The Contracting Parties,
　　Desiring to develop and maintain the protection of the rights of authors in their literary and artistic works in a manner as effective and uniform as possible,
　　Recognizing the need to introduce new international rules and clarify the interpretation of certain existing rules in order to provide adequate solutions to the questions raised by new economic, social, cultural and technological developments,
　　Recognizing the profound impact of the development and convergence of information and communication technologies on the creation and use of literary and artistic works,
　　Emphasizing the outstanding significance of copyright protection as an incentive for literary and artistic creation,
　　Recognizing the need to maintain a balance between the rights of authors and the larger public interest, particularly education, research and access to information, as reflected in the Berne Convention,
　　Have agreed as follows:

第1條　與伯恩公約之關係


　　(1)對於屬於保護文學及藝術著作之伯恩公約所建立之聯盟之締約國之締約各方而言，本條約係伯恩公約第二十條所指之特別協議。本條約與伯恩公約以外之條約無任何關聯，亦不損害依任何其他條約之任何權利與義務。
　　(2)本條約之任何規定均不得減損締約各方相互間依保護文學及藝術著作之伯恩公約所應負擔之現有義務。
　　(3)以下所稱「伯恩公約」係指保護文學及藝術著作之伯恩公約一九七一年七月廿四日之巴黎修正案。
　　(4)締約各方應遵守伯恩公約第一條至第二十一條及其附錄之規定。

Article 1　Relation to the Berne Convention


　　(1)This Treaty is a special agreement within the meaning of Article 20 of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, as regards Contracting Parties that are countries of the Union established by that Convention. This Treaty shall not have any connection with treaties other than the Berne Convention, nor shall it prejudice any rights and obligations under any other treaties.
　　(2)Nothing in this Treaty shall derogate from existing obligations that Contracting Parties have to each other under the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.
　　(3)Hereinafter, “ Berne Convention” shall refer to the Paris Act of July 24, 1971 of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.
　　(4)Contracting Parties shall comply with Articles 1 to 21 and the Appendix of the Berne Convention.

第2條　著作權保護之範圍


　　著作權之保護及於表達，而不及於觀念、程序、操作方法或數理概念等。

Article 2　Scope of Copyright Protection


　　Copyright protection extends to expressions and not to ideas, procedures, methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such.

第3條　伯恩公約第二條至第六條規定之適用


　　締約各方對於本條約所定之保護，應準用伯恩公約第二條至第六條之規定。

Article 3　Application of Articles 2 to 6 of the Berne Convention


　　Contracting Parties shall apply mutatis mutandis the provisions of Articles 2 to 6 of the Berne Convention in respect of the protection provided for in this Treaty.

第4條　電腦程式著作


　　電腦程式著作係以伯恩公約第二條所定之文學著作被保護。該等保護適用於以任何形態或方式表達之電腦程式著作。

Article 4　Computer Programs


　　Computer programs are protected as literary works within the meaning of Article 2 of the Berne Convention. Such protection applies to computer programs, whatever may be the mode or form of their expression.

第5條　資料之編輯著作(資料庫)


　　資料或其他素材之編輯著作，不問其係任何形式，基於對其內容之選擇或編排構成智慧之創作之原因，係被保護。此等保護並不及於資料或及他素材之本身，且不損害該編輯著作所含資料或其他素材原有之任何著作權。

Article 5　Compilations of Data (Databases)


　　Compilations of data or other material, in any form, which by reason of the selection or arrangement of their contents constitute intellectual creations, are protected as such. This protection does not extend to the data or the material itself and is without prejudice to any copyright subsisting in the data or material contained in the compilation.

第6條　散布權


　　(1)文學及藝術著作之著作人應享有授權以出售或其他轉讓所有權之方式對公眾提供其著作之原件或重製物之專有權利。
　　(2)本條約之規定不影響締約各方得自由決定於著作人授權下將著作之原件或重製物首次出售或為其他所有權轉讓以後，對第(1)項所定權利之耗盡之條件。

Article 6　Right of Distribution


　　(1) Authors of literary and artistic works shall enjoy the exclusive right of authorizing the making available to the public of the original and copies of their works through sale or other transfer of ownership.
　　(2) Nothing in this Treaty shall affect the freedom of Contracting Parties to determine the conditions, if any, under which the exhaustion of the right in paragraph (1) applies after the first sale or other transfer of ownership of the original or a copy of the work with the authorization of the author.

第7條　出租權


　　(1)(i)電腦程式著作；
　　(ii)電影著作；及
　　(iii)締約各方國內法所定附含於錄音物之著作，
　　其著作人應享有授權將其著作之原件或重製物對公眾為商業性出租之專有權利。
　　(2)第(1)項規定不適用以下之情況：
　　(i)非屬出租之主要客體之電腦程式著作；及
　　(ii)電影著作，但以該等商業性出租會導致就該著作廣泛地重製致損害重製權為限。
　　(3)縱有(1)項之規定，於一九九四年四月十五日已存在並繼續施行一項制度，使著作人就其被包含於錄音物上之著作之出租得享有適當的使用報酬之締約之一方，得維持該項制度。但以該被包含於錄音物上著作之出租不致於嚴重地損害著作人之重製專有權利為限。

Article 7　Right of Rental


　　(1) Authors of:
　　(i) computer programs;
　　(ii) cinematographic works; and
　　(iii)works embodied in phonograms as determined in the national law of Contracting Parties,
　　shall enjoy the exclusive right of authorizing commercial rental to the public of the originals or copies of their works.
　　(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply:
　　(i) in the case of computer programs where the program itself is not the essential object of the rental; and
　　(ii) in the case of cinematographic works, unless such commercial rental has led to widespread copying of such works materially impairing the exclusive right of reproduction.
　　(3)Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), a Contracting Party that, on April 15, 1994, had and continues to have in force a system of equitable remuneration of authors for the rental of copies of their works embodied in phonograms may maintain that system provided that the commercial rental of works embodied in phonograms is not giving rise to the material impairment of the exclusive rights of reproduction of authors.

第8條　對公眾傳播權


　　於不損害伯恩公約第十一條第(1)項第(ii)款、第十一條之一第(1)項第(i)款及第（ii）款、第十一條之二第(1)項第(ii)款、第十四條第(1)項第(ii)款及第十四條之一第(1)項所定之規定，文學及藝術著作之著作人應享有授權將其著作以有線或無線之方式對公眾為任何傳播之專有權利，包括對公眾提供其著作，使公眾得藉此提供方式，個別地自行選擇於何地何時接觸該等著作。

Article 8　Right of Communication to the Public


　　Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 11(1)(ii), 11bis(1)(i)and (ii), 11ter(1)(ii), 14(1)(ii) and 14bis(1) of the Berne Convention, authors of literary and artistic works shall enjoy the exclusive right of authorizing any communication to the public of their works, by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of their works in such a way that members of the public may access these works from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

第9條　攝影著作之保護期間


　　對於攝影著作，締約各方不得適用伯恩公約第七條第(4)項規定。

Article 9　Duration of the Protection of Photographic Works


　　In respect of photographic works, the Contracting Parties shall not apply the provisions of Article 7(4) of the Berne Convention.

第10條　限制與例外


　　(1)締約各方得在未與著作之正常利用相衝突，以及不致於不合理地損害著作人法定利益之相關特定情形下，以其國內法對於本條約所賦予文學及藝術著作之著作人之權利為限制或例外之規定。
　　(2)締約各方於適用伯恩公約而對其所定權利為任何限制或例外時，應侷限於未與著作之正常利用相衝突，以及不致於不合理地損害著作人法定利益之相關特定情形下。

Article 10　Limitations and Exceptions


　　(1)Contracting Parties may, in their national legislation, provide for limitations of or exceptions to the rights granted to authors of literary and artistic works under this Treaty in certain special cases that do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the author.
　　(2)Contracting Parties shall, when applying the Berne Convention, confine any limitations of or exceptions to rights provided for therein to certain special cases that do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the author.

第11條　有關科技措施之義務


　　締約各方應有適當之法律保障及有效之法律救濟規定，以對抗規避著作人所使用於行使本條約或伯恩公約所定權利或供作制止未經著作人授權或法律所允許對其著作所為行為之有效的科技措施。

Article 11　Obligations concerning Technological Measures


　　Contracting Parties shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by authors in connection with the exercise of their rights under this Treaty or the Berne Convention and that restrict acts, in respect of their works, which are not authorized by the authors concerned or permitted by law.

第12條　有關權利管理訊息之義務


　　(1)締約各方應有適當及有效之法律救濟規定，以對抗任何人明知且故意，或於民事賠償方面，有理由應知悉其行為將引起、促成、便利或包庇本條約或伯恩公約所規範任何權利之侵害，而為下行為：
　　(i)未經授權而消除或變更任何電子之權利管理訊息；
　　(ii)未經授權而散布、或為散布而輸入，廣播、或對公眾傳播明知係未經授權而已被消除或變更之電子之權利管理訊息之著作或著作重製物。
　　(2)本條所稱「權利管理訊息」，指附隨於著作重製物或於著作向公眾傳播時所顯現足以確認著作、著作人、著作之任何權利人、或使用該著作之期間或條件、及足以表現任何該等項目之數字或數碼等訊息。

Article 12　Obligations concerning Rights Management Information


　　(1)Contracting Parties shall provide adequate and effective legal remedies against any person knowingly performing any of the following acts knowing or, with respect to civil remedies having reasonable grounds to know, that it will induce, enable, facilitate or conceal an infringement of any right covered by this Treaty or the Berne Convention:
　　(i) to remove or alter any electronic rights management information without authority;
　　(ii) to distribute, import for distribution, broadcast or communicate to the public, without authority, works or copies of works knowing that electronic rights management information has been removed or altered without authority.
　　(2)As used in this Article, “rights management information” means information which identifies the work, the author of the work, the owner of any right in the work, or information about the terms and conditions of use of the work, and any numbers or codes that represent such information, when any of these items of information is attached to a copy of a work or appears in connection with the communication of a work to the public.

第13條　適用時間


　　締約各方對於本條約所定之所有保護應適用伯恩公約第十八條之規定。

Article 13　Application in Time


　　Contracting Parties shall apply the provisions of Article 18 of the Berne Convention to all protection provided for in this Treaty.

第14條　權利執行條款


　　(1)締約各方承諾將依其法律制度，制定必要之規定，以確保本條約之適用。
　　(2)締約各方應確保在其法律制度下提供可行的執行程序，以便採取有效之行動以制止任何侵害本條約所包括之權利之行為，包括防止侵權之快速救濟或遏止進一步侵害之救濟。

Article 14　Provisions on Enforcement of Rights


　　(1)Contracting Parties undertake to adopt, in accordance with their legal systems, the measures necessary to ensure the application of this Treaty.
　　(2)Contracting Parties shall ensure that enforcement procedures are available under their law so as to permit effective action against any act of infringement of rights covered by this Treaty, including expeditious remedies to prevent infringements and remedies which constitute a deterrent to further infringements.

第15條　大會


　　(1)(a)締約各方應設大會。
　　(b)每一締約之一方應由一代表人員為代表，該代表並得由副代表、顧問或專家協助之。
　　(c)各代表團之費用由指派之各締約之一方負擔。大會得要求世界智慧財產權組織（以下稱WIPO）提供財務上之援助，以促進依聯合國大會既定慣例認定為開發中國家或轉型至市場經濟國家之締約各方之代表團之參與。
　　(2)(a)大會應負責維持及發展本條約以及本條約之適用及運作等相關事宜。
　　(b)大會應履行本條約第十七條第(2)項所定有關允許相關政府間組織加入為本條約締約方之職責。
　　(c)大會應決定修正本條約之任何外交會議之召集，並給予WIPO理事長有關該等會議之籌備之必要指示。
　　(3)(a)各締約之一方為國家者，應有一表決權，且應以其自己之名義行使之。
　　(b)任何締約之一方為政府間組織者，得代表其會員國參與表決，其代表數應等於該政府間組織中為本條約締約之一方之會員國數目。如該政府間組織之任何一個會員國行使表決權時，該政府間組織不得行使表決權，反之亦然。
　　(4)大會應依WIPO理事長之召集，每兩年召開一次常會。
　　(5)大會應制定其本身之議事規則，包括臨時會議之召集、法定人數之條件，以及在不違反本條約下各種決議通過所需之多數。

Article 15　Assembly


　　(1)(a) The Contracting Parties shall have an Assembly.
　　  (b)Each Contracting Party shall be represented by one delegate who may be assisted by alternate delegates, advisors and experts.
　　  (c)The expenses of each delegation shall be borne by the Contracting Party that has appointed the delegation. The Assembly may ask the World Intellectual Property Organization (hereinafter referred to as WIPO) to grant financial assistance to facilitate the participation of delegations of Contracting Parties that are regarded as developing countries in conformity with the established practice of the General Assembly of the United Nations or that are countries in transition to a market economy.
　　(2)(a) The Assembly shall deal with matters concerning the maintenance and development of this Treaty and the application and operation of this Treaty.
　　 (b)The Assembly shall perform the function allocated to it under Article 17(2) in respect of the admission of certain intergovernmental organizations to become party to this Treaty.
　　 (c)The Assembly shall decide the convocation of any diplomatic conference for the revision of this Treaty and give the necessary instructions to the Director General of WIPO for the preparation of such diplomatic conference.
　　(3)(a) Each Contracting Party that is a State shall have one vote and shall vote only in its own name.
　　  (b) Any Contracting Party that is an intergovernmental organization may participate in the vote, in place of its Member States, with a number of votes equal to the number of its Member States which are party to this Treaty. No such intergovernmental organization shall participate in the vote if any one of its Member States exercises its right to vote and vice versa.
　　(4)The Assembly shall meet in ordinary session once every two years upon convocation by the Director General of WIPO.
　　(5)The Assembly shall establish its own rules of procedure, including the convocation of extraordinary sessions, the requirements of a quorum and, subject to the provisions of this Treaty, the required majority for various kinds of decisions.

第16條　國際局


　　WIPO所屬之國際局應執行與本條約有關之行政事務。

Article 16　International Bureau


　　The International Bureau of WIPO shall perform the administrative tasks concerning the Treaty.

第17條　得為本條約締約之一方之資格


　　(1)WIPO之任何會員國均得為本條約之締約方。
　　(2)大會得決定允許任何政府間組織成為本條約之締約方，如該政府間組織聲明就本條約所規定事項具有權限，並訂有對其會員國具拘束力之法令，且依其內部規則該政府間組織被正式授權得為本條約之締約之一方者。
　　(3)歐洲聯盟於通過本條約之外交會議中已為前項聲明，得為本條約之締約之一方。

Article 17　Eligibility for Becoming Party to the Treaty


　　(1)Any Member State of WIPO may become party to this Treaty.
　　(2)The Assembly may decide to admit any intergovernmental organization to become party to this Treaty which declares that it is competent in respect of, and has its own legislation binding on all its Member States on, matters covered by this Treaty and that it has been duly authorized, in accordance with its internal procedures, to become party to this Treaty.
　　(3)The European Community, having made the declaration referred to in the preceding paragraph in the Diplomatic Conference that has adopted this Treaty, may become party to this Treaty.

第18條　本條約之權利與義務


　　除本條約有任何特別之相反規定外，每一締約之一方應享有本條約所有之權利及承擔本條約所有之義務。

Article 18　Rights and Obligations under the Treaty


　　Subject to any specific provisions to the contrary in this Treaty, each Contracting Party shall enjoy all of the rights and assume all of the obligations under this Treaty.

第19條　條約之簽署


　　本條約得開放由WIPO之任何會員國及歐洲聯盟於一九九七年十二月三十一日前簽署。

Article 19　Signature of the Treaty


　　This Treaty shall be open for signature until December 31, 1997, by any Member State of WIPO and by the European Community.

第20條　條約之生效


　　本條約自三十個國家將其批准或加入之文件提交WIPO理事長後三個月生效。

Article 20　Entry into Force of the Treaty


　　This Treaty shall enter into force three months after 30 instruments of ratification or accession by States have been deposited with the Director General of WIPO.

第21條　成為本條約締約方之生效日


　　本條約之拘束力依下列規定：
　　(i)對於第二十條所稱之三十個國家，自本條約生效日起生效；
　　(ii)對於其他國家，自其將文件提交WIPO理事長之日起屆滿三個月起生效；
　　(iii)對於歐洲聯盟，如於本條約依第二十條生效日後將其批准或加入之文件提交WIPO理事長者，自該提交之日起屆滿三個月起生效；如於本條約生效日前提交者，自本條約生效日三個月以後起生效；
　　(iv)對於被允許成為本條約之締約之一方之任何其他政府間組織，自其提交加入文件之日起屆滿三個月起。

Article 21　Effective Date of Becoming Party to the Treaty


　　This Treaty shall bind
　　(i) the 30 States referred to in Article 20, from the date on which this Treaty has entered into force;
　　(ii) each other State from the expiration of three months from the date on which the State has deposited its instrument with the Director General of WIPO;
　　(iii) the European Community, from the expiration of three months after the deposit of its instrument of ratification or accession if such instrument has been deposited after the entry into force of this Treaty according to Article 20, or, three months after the entry into force of this Treaty if such instrument has been deposited before the entry into force of this Treaty;
　　(iv) any other intergovernmental organization that is admitted to become party to this Treaty, from the expiration of three months after the deposit of its instrument of accession.

第22條　本條約不得保留


　　對本條約之保留應不被允許。

Article 22　No Reservations to the Treaty


　　No reservation to this Treaty shall be admitted.

第23條　條約之退出


　　任何締約之一方得以通知WIPO理事長之方式退出本條約。任何退出本條約應自WIPO理事長收到通知之日起一年後生效。

Article 23　Denunciation of the Treaty


　　This Treaty may be denounced by any Contracting Party by notification addressed to the Director General of WIPO. Any denunciation shall take effect one year from the date on which the Director General of WIPO received the notification.

第24條　條約之使用語文


　　(1)本條約應以單一之英文、阿拉伯文、中文、法文、俄文及西班牙文原件簽署，各種語文之版本應同一作準。
　　(2)第(1)項所定語文以外之正式文本應由WIPO之理事長應利害關係之一方之要求，並於諮詢所有具利害關係之各方後為之。依本項所稱「利害關係之一方」係指其官方語文或其官方語文中之一所涉及之任何WIPO之會員國，及其官方語文中之一所涉及之歐洲聯盟及任何其他得成為本條約締約之一方之政府間組織。

Article 24　Languages of the Treaty


　　(1)This Treaty is signed in a single original in English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish languages, the versions in all these languages being equally authentic.
　　(2)An official text in any language other than those referred to in paragraph (1) shall be established by the Director General of WIPO on the request of an interested party, after consultation with all the interested parties. For the purposes of this paragraph, "interested party" means any Member State of WIPO whose official language, or one of whose official languages, is involved and the European Community, and any other intergovernmental organization that may become party to this Treaty, if one of its official languages is involved.

第25條　保存人


　　WIPO理事長應為本條約之保存人。

Article 25　Depositary


　　The Director General of WIPO is the depositary of this Treaty.



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